Cutting files



spt. 22, 1925. yLlc-54,884 R. SCHWARZ CUTTING FILES Filed March 6, 1924 by the .first cut. -ing to theJ invention, in which the .first cut Patented Sept. 22, 1925.

UNITED STATES ROBERT SCHWARZ, or GRUZE, NEAR WINTERTHUR, SWITZERLAND. 4

CUTTING FILES.

Application led March 6, `1924i. Serial No. 697,345.

To aZZ whom 'it may conce/Mt:

Be it known that I, ROBERT SCHWARZ, a

citizen of the Republic of Switzerland, residing at Gruze, near Winterthur, Switzerland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Cutting Files, of which the following is a specification, refer-ence being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

The present invention relates to a method and a device for producing tiles and to files of a novel type.

The method according to the invention comprises the novel step of providing tiles with the first or lower cut by planing out of the file blank parallel grooves extending approximately in the longitudinal direction `o`f the file, said grooveschanging their direction frequently so that grooves of a wavy character are obtained. The second cut is `applied according to any of the known methods, for instance bymeans of a le cutting machine. ,n

With the ordinary files the file ribs are forced up or swaged up from the surface of the `file-blanks by means of punchers or cutters; the second cut alters to sonie eX- tent the material which has been raised up The type of [iles accordis produced in the form of wavy grooves extending in the longitudinal direction of the `file by aplaniiigfaction, by which the' material in the grooves is completely -reymoved so that by applying the second out properly shaped, sharp teeth are obtained presents vmany advantages as compared with the ordinary cross-cut files. The smallteeth are not situated one behind the other as in the case in files having a straight `first cut,

but are staggered, therefore'the small teeth work more uniformly on the material to be `filed, the filing can be performed muchquicker and the filed surface is smoother;

further the planed lirst cut provides forV in the other, the movement of one slideA causing an annular adjustment of the planing tool so thatlthe cutting edge stands in every point at right angles to the direction of the longitudinal grooves, whilst the movement of the other lslide causes the displacement of the first slide in the lateral direction which corresponds to the lateral deviation from a straight line of the longitudinal grooves.

A constructional example of the device according to the present invention is illustratedin the accompanying drawings, in which: i Fig. l is a side elevation of the device,

Fig 2 shows on `an enlarged scale a vertical section along line II-II in Fig. 3,

.Firg. `3 is a plan view of Fig. 2 with the upright yshown in section, y

Fig. 4 is a plan view of a detail and F igs. 5`-7 show different file blanks pro-y vided with the first out. f

yIn order to provide a file-blank with a planed first cut a rack-like toothed planing tool 22 is so guided over the surface `of `the file blank that parallel grooves corresponding toy the toothing of the tool are obtained which are of a wavy character, file blanks provided with the first cut obtained bythis treatment are illustrated in Fig. 5.

The device for cutting files `of this type as illustrated on the drawings consists mainily of fa table `planing machine. The planingk table 2 is reciprocated in a known manner in the longitudinal directionof the' `machine frame 1 and moves past the upright 3 fixed to the frame l.

The upright 3 is pro-vided with a member i movable in vertical :guides 4 and adapted to be adjusted iii its vertical position by means off a screw threaded spindle 5 `cooperating with a nut 5 fixed in :the member i The fscreiv threaded spindle 5` is turned one way for the other by means of a hand wheel 6. The member Ll is` provided with horizontalprismatic guides 6 along which a slide 6 is adapted to move. The fiat slide 6 in its turn provided with horizontal circular prisinatic guides 6 along which a segnient slide 7 is movably arranged; the tool holder 8 is Aarra-:nged on the slide 7. The motion `of-the slides 6 and 7 isobtained by means of cam discs or eccentrics the turning movement of which is derived from the reciprocating movement ofthe planing ytable Q. I To this `end a toothed rack 9 is provided fon the longitudinal si'deyof the table, with which two pinions 10 and 1l .mounted the side of the upright 3 are in mesh.

The shaft 12 ofthe pinion 10, which actuates the slide 6, carries at its upper end, which is mounted ina bracket 13 -ot the upright Vaireccentric or cam 14, the width of which corresponds approximately tothe amount by which the slide may be lifted. The eccentric 14 is adapted to turn within the eccentric strap 15 provided with two working faces 16 (as shown in Fig. 4) The shaft 17 of the pinion 11, which actiiates the segment slide 7 carries at its upper end, which is mounted in the bracket 18 of the upright 3 an eccentric 19 the width of which also lcorresponds to the amount by which the slide 6 may be lifted. rlhe eccentric 19 is adapted to turn within an eccentric strap 2O'fixed'by means of an extension 2Oa to the'upper part 'of the segment slide 7, the eccentric strap 2O being provided with two working faces 21. It is evident that the slide 6 causes the wavy character of the grooves by causing a to and fro displacekment of thev planing tool 22 in the lateral direction. causes such an angular adjustment of the segment slide 7 that the cutting teeth of the planing tool, which are arranged in a straight line, are at every point at right angles to Athe tangent drawn to the wavy line in that point. This adjustment ot the angular position of the tool is necessary in order to obtain clean grooves and to prevent alateral edging and blunting of the tool.

i In Fig. 3 the two slides are shown in the position which they take up in the moment immediately before a change in the direc- Fig. 5 shows a file into whichalirst out inthe shape of wavy lines has been planed.

lVith eccentrics or cams of different shape the grooves may be differently shaped, for instance they may be composed of straight parts and curved parts as is shown in Fig. 6

- or they may be shaped to the greatest extent as straight lines arranged in Zig-Zag fashion prises planing in the blank a series o'f paral-` lel wavy grooves extending longitudinally of theblank, while shifting the planing tool to maintain it perpendicular to the tangent 3. The method-ot making tiles, which comprises reciprocating a blank beneath a cut-y ting tool and automatically maintaining the tool perpendicular to the tangent of a groove. .Y

prises longitudinally reciprocating a blank maintain the plane ot the cutting edge ot' beneath a cutting tool and simultaneously and automatically laterally shifting the tool while imparting partial rotation thereto in accordance with the shapeof a groove to the tool perpendicular to the tangent of the groove at the point being cut.

5. In a device for cutting tiles in combination a reciprocating table adapted to hold the tile-blank7 a rack-like planing tool, a tool-holder, a stationary trame part, two slides interposed between the tool-holder and the `stationary frame part, and operative connections between said slides and the table whereby to the planing tool is imparted a movement in the lateral direction ot the fileblank and simultaneously an angular adjustment so that the cutting edge or the planing tool stands at right angles in every point to the direction ot' the longitudinal grooves planed` into the tile-blank as the lirstcut, the grooves obtained changing their direc- Vtion repeatedly. The action o'li` the `eccentric 19 6. In a device for cutting tiles in combination, a reciprocating table adapted to hold a file-blank, a rack-like planing tool, a toolholder, a stationary frame part, two slides one mounted upon the other and interposed between the tool-holder and the stationary frame-part, an operative connection between one of said slides andthe reciprocating table 'for imparting a to and fro movement in the lateral direction of the tile-blank to this slide,y and an operative connection between the other ot said slides and the reciprocating .table to cause an angular adjustment of the planing tool, so that the vedge of the latter stands at right angles in every point to the direction ot' the longitudinal grooves planed into the tile-blank as a lirst cut, the grooves obtained changing their direction repeatedly.

i 7. In a device for cutting liles in combination, a reciprocating table adapted to hold the tile-blank, a rack-like planing tool, a tool-holder, a stationary frame part, a ylirst slide adapted to move in horizontal guides yin a lateral directionot1 the tile-blank, a

second slide 'carrying the tool-holder and adapted to move in horizontal circular guides provided on the first slide, any operative connection between one of said slides and the #reciprocating table for imparting a toand fro movement inthe lateral direction of. the tile blank to this slide, and an operative connection between the other oi ksaid slides and the reciprocating table to cause an angularadjustment of the planing tool, so that the edge of the latter stands at fright angles fin ever point-to the direction ot' the longitudinal grooves planed into the file-blank as a ,first cut, the grooves obj c ktained changing their direction repeatedly. 4. The method of makingliles, which come;v`

.8. In a device for cutting files in. combination7 a reciprocating table adapted to hold the file-blank, a rack-like planing tool, a tool-holder, a stationary frame part, a fiat iirst slide adapted to move in straight horizontal prismatic guides in a lateral direction of the iile-blank, a segment shaped second slide carrying the tool-holder and adapted to move in horizontal circular guides provided on the first slide, an operative connection between one of said slides and the reciprocating table for imparting a to and fro movement in the lateral direction` or' the file blank to this slide, and an operative connection between the other oi said slides and the. reciprocating table to cause an angular adjustment of the planing tool, so that the edge oi' the latter stands at right angles in every point to the direction of the longitudinal grooves planed into the tile-blank as a first cut, the grooves obtained changing their direction repeatedly.

9. In a device for cutting files in combination, a reciprocating table adapted to hold the tile-blank, a rack-like planing tool, a tool-holder, a stationary frame part, a toothed rack provided on said reciprocating table, two slides glidably mounted one upon the other and interposed between the toolholder and the stationary frame part, a pinion meshing with said toothed rack, an axle carrying said pinion and rotatably mounted in said stationary frame part, an eccentric iixed to said axle, an eccentric strap ixed to one of said slides and co-operating with said eccentric for imparting a to and iro movement in the lateral direction of the iile blank to this slide, a second pinion meshing with said toothed rack, a second axle carrying said second pinion and rotatably mounted in said stationary frame part, an eccentric lixed to said second axle, an eccentric strap fixed to the second of said slides and co-operating with the eccentric for causing an angular adjustment of the second slide and thereby of the planing tool so that the edge of the latter stands at right angles in every point to the direction of the longitudinal grooves planed into the file-blank as a irst cut, the grooves obtained changing their direction repeatedly.

l0. In a device for cutting iiles in combi nation, a reciprocating table adapted to hold the iile-blank, a rack-line planing tool, a tool-holder, a stationary frame part, a toothed rack provided on said reciprocating table7 a first slide adapted to move in horizontal guides in a lateral direction of the fileblank, a second slide carrying the tool holder and adapted to move inhorizontal circular guides provided on the lirst slide, a pinion meshing with said toothed rack, an axle carrying said pinion and rotatably mounted in said stationary frame part, an eccentric fixed to said axle, an eccentric strap iixed to said first slide and co-operating with sai-d eccentric for imparting a to and fro movement in the lateral direction of the file-blank to this slide, a second pinion meshing with said toothed rack, a second axle carrying said second'pinion. and rotatably mounted in said stationary frame part,

.an eccentric fixed to said second axle, an

eccentric strap iixed to the second slide and co-operating with the eccentric for causing an angular adjustment of the second slide and thereby of the planing tool, so that the edge of the latter stands at right angles in every point to the direction of the longitudinal grooves planed into the file-blank as a Atirst cut, the grooves obtained changing their direction repeatedly.

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature.

ROBERT SCHWARZ. 

